Pour faire face à la menace sans cesse grandissante des maladies d’origine alimentaire, dont l’impact est comparable, selon une récente évaluation mondiale, au paludisme, au VIH/Sida ou à la tuberculose, le Centre technique de coopération agricole et rurale (CTA) en collaboration avec la Commission de l’Union africaine, le A4NH du CGIAR, la FAO et l’OMS vient de lancer l’Indice africain de sécurité sanitaire des aliments (AFSI).
« Cet indice encouragera les pays africains à privilégier la sécurité sanitaire des aliments, réduire les maladies d’origine alimentaire et améliorer le commerce et les revenus » a expliqué le CTA à travers un communiqué rendu public en début de semaine. En effet, une alimentation peu sûre menace la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle et entrave le développement national en général. Selon l’OMS, 91 millions de personnes tombent malades chaque année en Afrique à cause d’affections d’origine alimentaire. Parmi elles, 137 000 personnes mourront, dont bon nombre d’enfants et de membres d’autres groupes vulnérables – tels que les jeunes, les personnes âges, les femmes enceintes, les populations mal nourries et les personnes atteintes d’immunodépression.
Pour Amare Ayalew, coordinateur de programme au partenariat pour le contrôle de l’aflatoxine en Afrique « Sans accès à une alimentation sûre, les consommateurs ne peuvent pas bien s’alimenter, et cela nuit à leur nutrition ou à leur santé ». C’est pourquoi Michael Hailu, directeur du CTA dira qu’« afin d’améliorer la durabilité et la valeur nutritionnelle de la production alimentaire en Afrique, nous ne devons pas perdre de vue l’importance de la sécurité sanitaire des aliments, et ce, pas seulement pour des raisons sanitaires ».
Un véritable challenge donc que les pays africains entendent relever pour assurer la survie de leurs populations qui sont majoritairement composées de jeunes et d’enfants. Les indicateurs composites qui capturent la nature et les impacts plurisectoriels de la sécurité sanitaire des aliments seront inclus dans l’AFSI et incorporés dans le mécanisme d’examen biennal de Malabo. Le suivi de la sécurité sanitaire des aliments et les efforts nationaux afin de respecter les normes devraient avoir un effet domino sur la priorité accordée à la sécurité sanitaire des aliments et à l’élaboration de politiques, ce qui permettra d’améliorer globalement la gestion sanitaire et, au final, de renforcer la sécurité alimentaire et la nutrition, d’alléger le fardeau des maladies d’origine alimentaire et d’intensifier l’accès aux marchés, aux entreprises agricoles et au développement global en contribuant à la réalisation des engagements de la déclaration de Malabo de l’UA précise le communiqué du CTA.
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